Update: Since I completed my search of the essential medicines list, I'm widening the scope to all antibiotics. Later, I'll add all antivirals, analgesics, and precursors.
*edited to fix misplaced items and improve formatting*
I used this list as a starting point and finished it a few minutes ago.
WHO Model List of Essential Medicines - Wikipedia
Medicines are listed by use rather than chemical formula, and this can obscure the relationship between similar molecules.
I apologize for the inconsistent format and any errors in organization. The four groups are organic compounds: without O, without N, ones with CHNO only, and ones with CHNO and other elements.
The CHNOX cluster with 16 carbon atoms deserves further study. That bunch includes diazepam and penicillin. I'm surprised no famous chemical with 15 carbon atoms comes after DDT.
The number of possible molecules greatly exceeds the number that have been catalogued. I hope this list guides chemists toward finding useful new chemicals.
CH, CN, CHX, CNX, CHNX
hydrogen cyanide HCN
methane CH₄
freon CCl₂F₂
halothane C₂HBrClF₃
teflon (C2F2)n
PVC (C2H3Cl)n
propane C₃H₈
fomepizole C₄H₆N₂
thiamazole C₄H₆N₂S
butane C₄H₁₀
metformin C4H11N5
mercaptoperine C₅H₄N₄S
tioguanine C₅H₅N₅S
histamine C₅H₉N₃
benzene C₆H₆
dichlorobenzene C₆H₄Cl₂
heptane C7H16
styrene C₈H₈
hydralazine C₈H₈N₄
ethionamide C₈H₁₀N₂S
lamotrigine C₉H₇Cl₂N₅
amphetamine C₉H₁₃N
tear gas C10H5ClN2
levamisole C₁₁H₁₂N₂S
pyrantel C₁₁H₁₄N₂S
proguanil C₁₁H₁₆ClN₅
pyrimethamine C₁₂H₁₃ClN₄
varenicline C₁₃H₁₃N₃
DDT C₁₄H₉Cl₅
C15
xylometazoline C₁₆H₂₄N₂
letrozole C17H11N5
olanzipine C₁₇H₂₀N₄S
anastrozole C₁₇H₁₉N₅
midazolam C₁₈H₁₃ClFN₃
clozapine C₁₈H₁₉ClN₄
cyclizine C₁₈H₂₂N₂
chloroquine C₁₈H₂₆ClN₃
Prussian blue C₁₈Fe₇N₁₈
clomipramine C₁₉H₂₃ClN₂
amitriptyline C₂₀H₂₃N
terbinafine C₂₁H₂₅N
clotrimazole C₂₂H₁₇ClN₂
chlorhexidine C₂₂H₃₀Cl₂N₁₀
clofazimine C₂₇H₂₂Cl₂N₄
C28 to C41
altaplase C42H36N2
CHO, CHOX, COX
phosgene COCl₂
methanol CH₃OH
formic acid CH₂O₂
ethanol C₂H₆O
fosfomycin C₃H₇O₄P
isoflurane C₃H₂ClF₅O
acetone C₃H₆O
propylene glycol C₃H₈O₂
dimercaprol C₃H₈OS₂
sevoflurane C4H3F7O
succimer C4H6O4S2
ethyl ether C₄H₁₀O
sarin C₄H₁₀FO₂P
sodium nitroprusside C₅FeN₆Na₂O
glutaraldehyde C₅H₈O₂
MTBE C₅H₁₂O
vitamin C C₆H₈O₆
vitamin B8 C₆H₁₂O₆
mannitol C₆H₁₄O₆
isoamyl acetate C₇H₁₄O₂
vanillin C₈H₈O₃
chloroxylenol C₈H₉ClO
valproic acid C₈H₁₆O₂
aspirin C₉H₈O₄
polyester (C10H8O4)n
C11
propofol C₁₂H₁₈O
calcium gluconate C₁₂H₂₂CaO₁₄
lactulose C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
ibuprofen C₁₃H₁₈O₂
benzoyl peroxide C₁₄H₁₀O₄
benzyl benzoate C₁₄H₁₂O₂
dihydroartemisinin C₁₅H₂₄O₅
artemether C₁₆H₂₆O₅
aflatoxin C17H12O6
griseofulvin C₁₇H₁₇ClO₆
estrogen C₁₈H₂₄O₂
warfarin C19H16O4
ethinylestradiol C20H24O2
testosterone C₁₉H₂₈O₂
artesunate C₁₉H₂₈O₈
vitamin A C₂₀H₃₀O
tretinoin C₂₀H₂₈O₂
prostacyclin C₂₀H₃₂O₅
permethrin C21H20Cl2O3
prednisone C₂₁H₂₆O₅
levonogestrel C21H28O2
aldosterone C₂₁H₂₈O₅
prednisolone C₂₁H₂₈O₅
progesterone C₂₁H₃₀O₂
cortisol C₂₁H₃₀O₅
etonogestrel C₂₂H₂₈O₂
betamethasone C₂₂H₂₉FO₅
dexamethasone C₂₂H₂₉FO₅
methyl prednisolone C₂₂H₃₀O₅
sodium doscusate NaC₂₂H₂₉FO₅
misoprostol C22H38O5
empagliflozin C23H27ClO7
fludrocortisone C₂₃H₃₁FO₆
spironolactone C₂₄H₃₂O₄S
medroxyprogesterone acetate C₂₄H₃₄O₄
budenoside C25H34O6
simvastatin C₂₅H₃₈O₅
estradiol cypionate C₂₆H₃₆O₃
latanoprost C₂₆H₄₀O₅
mupirocin C₂₆H₄₄O₉
norethisterone ethnanate C₂₇H₃₈O₃
calcipotriol C27H40O3
etoposide C₂₉H₃₂O₁₃
vitamin D C₂₈H₄₄O
vitamin E C₂₉H₅₀O₂
C30
vitamin K C₃₁H₄₆O₂
C32 to C40
digoxin C₄₁H₆₄O₁₄
senna C42H38O20
C43 to C47
ivermectin C48H74O14
CHNO
urea CO(NH₂)₂
hydroxycarbamide CH₄N₂O₂
glycine C₂H₅NO₂
cycloserine C₃H₆N₂O₂
polyacrylamide (C₃H₅NO)n
GABA C₄H₉NO₂
threonine C₄H₉NO₃
allopurinol C₅H₄N₄O
pyrazinamide C₅H₅N₃O
glutamic acid C₅H₉NO₄
valine C₅H₁₁NO₂
vitamin B3 C₆H₅NO₂
isonazid C₆H₇N₃O
isosorbide dinitrate C₆H₈N₂O₈
hystidine C₆H₉N₃O₂
metronidazole C₆H₉N₃O₃
nylon (C6H11NO)n
isoleucine C₆H₁₃NO₂
metronidazole C₆H₉N₃O₃
dacarbazine C₆H₁₀N₆O
leucine C₆H₁₃NO₂
lysine C₆H₁₄N₂O₂
p-aminosalicylic acid C₇H₇NO₃
ethosuximide C₇H₁₁NO₂
acetylcholine C₇H₁₆NO₂
meglumine C₇H₁₇NO₅
nitrofuratoin C₈H₆N₄O₅
luminol C8H7N3O2
acetaminophen C₈H₉NO₂
clavulanic acid C₈H₉NO₅
caffeine C₈H₁₀N₄O₂
aciclovir C₈H₁₁N₅O₃
dopamine C₈H₁₁NO₂
vitamin B6 C₈H₁₁NO₃
aciclovir C₈H₁₁N₅O₃
norepinephine C₈H₁₁NO₃
aciclovir C₈H₁₁N₅O₃
ribavirin C₈H₁₂N₄O₅
levetiracetam C₈H₁₄N₂O₂
tranexamic acid C₈H₁₅NO₂
valproate C8H16O2
phenylalanine C₉H₁₁NO₂
epinephrine C₉H₁₃NO₃
cytarabine C₉H₁₃N₃O₅
pyridostigmine C₉H₁₃N₂O₂
vitamin B5 C₉H₁₇NO₅
auxin C₁₀H₉NO₂
seratonin C₁₀H₁₂N₂O
zidovudine C₁₀H₁₃N₅O₄
methyldopa C₁₀H₁₃NO₄
ephedrine C₁₀H₁₅NO
diethyl carbamazine C₁₀H₂₁N₃O
ethambutol C₁₀H₂₄N₂O₂
tryptophan C₁₁H₁₂N₂O₂
pilocarpine C₁₁H₁₆N₂O₂
tetrodotoxin C₁₁H₁₇N₃O₈
choline [(CH₃)₃NCH₂CH₂OH]+
phenobarbital C₁₂H₁₂N₂O₃
entecavir C₁₂H₁₅N₅O₃
neostigmine C₁₂H₁₉N₂O₂+
procarbazine C₁₂H₁₉N₃O
thalidomide C₁₃H₁₀N₂O₄
flucanazole C₁₃H₁₂F₂N₆O
lenalidomide C13H13N3O3
melatonin C₁₃H₁₆N₂O₂
bupropion C₁₃H₁₈ClNO
salbutamol C13H21NO3
trimethoprim C₁₄H₁₈N₄O₃
chlorambucil C₁₄H₁₉Cl₂NO₂
abacavir C₁₄H₁₈N₆O
oxamniquine C₁₄H₂₁N₃O₃
lidocaine C₁₄H₂₂N₂O
valganciclovir C14H22N6O5
spectinomycin C₁₄H₂₄N₂O₇
carbamazepine C₁₅H₁₂N₂O
phenytoin C₁₅H₁₂N₂O₂
nevirapine C₁₅H₁₄N₄O
tetracaine C₁₅H₂₄N₂O₂
cefuzonam C16H15N7O5S4
mebendazole C₁₆H₁₃N₃O₃
propanolol C16H21NO2
oseltamivir C₁₆H₂₈N₂O₄
nifedipine C₁₇H₁₈N₂O₆
morphine C₁₇H₁₉NO₃
tropicamide C₁₇H₂₀N₂O₂
scopolamine C₁₇H₂₁NO₄
vitamin B2 C₁₇H₂₀N₄O₆
cocaine C₁₇H₂₁NO₄
atropine C17H23NO3
cefonicid C18H18N6O8S3
ondansetron C18H19N3O
codeine C₁₈H₂₁NO₃
bupivacaine C18H28N2O
bisoprolol C₁₈H₃₁NO₄
kanamycin C18H36N4O11
tobramycin C21H41N5O7
vitamin B9 C₁₉H₁₉N₇O₆
naloxone C₁₉H₂₁NO₄
ergometrine C₁₉H₂₃N₃O₂
formoterol C₁₉H₂₄N₂O₄
perindopil C₁₉H₃₂N₂O₅
praziquantel C₁₉H₂₄N₂O₂
pentamidine C₁₉H₂₄N₄O₂
methotrexate C₂₀H₂₂N₈O₅
naltrexone C₂₀H₂₃NO₄
quinine C₂₀H₂₄N₂O₂
LSD C₂₀H₂₅N₃O
enalapril C₂₀H₂₈N₂O₅
pratropium bromide C20H30BrNO3
deferasirox C₂₁H₁₅N₃O₄
heroin C₂₁H₂₃NO₅
lisinopril C₂₁H₃₁N₃O₅
gentamicin C21H43N5O7
methadone C21H27NO
biperiden C21H29NO
streptomycin C₂₁H₃₉N₇O₁₂
netilmicin C21H41N5O7
gentamicin C21H43N5O7
doxycycline C₂₂H₂₄N₂O₈
fentanyl C₂₂H₂₈N₂O
erlotinib C₂₂H₂₃N₃O₄
tetracycline C₂₂H₂₄N₂O₈
amikacin C₂₂H₄₃N₅O₁₃
piperacillin C23H27N5O7S
C24
ibrutinib C₂₅H₂₄N₆O₂
glatiramer acetate C25H45N5O13
deferoxamine C₂₅H₄₈N₆O₈
plazomicin C₂₅H₄₈N₆O₁₀
clomifene C₂₆H₂₈ClNO
tamoxifen C₂₆H₂₉NO
abiraterone C26H33NO2
cabergoline C26H37N5O2
daunorubicin C₂₇H₂₉NO₁₀
verapramil C₂₇H₃₈N₂O₄
C28
imatinib C₂₉H₃₁N₇O
ulipristal C₃₀H₃₇NO₄
geldanamycin C29H40N2O9
herbimycin C30H42N2O9
C31 to C32
telmisartan C₃₃H₃₀N₄O₂
irinotecan C₃₃H₃₈N₄O₆
natamycin C₃₃H₄₇NO₁₃
dabigatrin C₃₄H₄₁N₇O₅
C35 to C36
erythromycin C₃₇H₆₇NO₁₃
atazanavir C₃₈H₅₂N₆O₇
clarithromycin C₃₈H₆₉NO₁₃
azithromycin C₃₈H₇₂N₂O₁₂
C39 to C41
daclatasavir C₄₀H₅₀N₈O₆
C42
docetaxel C₄₃H₅₃NO₁₄
rifampicin C₄₃H₅₈N₄O₁₂
C44
vinorelbine C₄₅H₅₄N₄O₈
vincristine C₄₆H₅₆N₄O₁₀
vinblastine C₄₆H₅₈N₄O₉
rifabutin C₄₆H₆₂N₄O₁₁
rifapentine C₄₇H₆₄N₄O₁₂
amphotericin B C₄₇H₇₃NO₁₇
paclitaxel C₄₇H₅₁NO₁₄
nyastatin C47H75NO17
C48
velpatasvir C₄₉H₅₄N₈O₈
C50 to C52
everolimus C₅₃H₈₃NO₁₄
C54
polymyxin B C55H96N16O13
C56 to C58
leuprorelin C₅₉H₈₄N₁₆O₁₂
C60 to C61
dactinomycin C₆₂H₈₆N₁₂O₁₆
CHNOX
hyoscine hydrobromide CHBrNO
keratin C2H2BrClO2
glyphosate C₃H₈NO₅P
flourouracil C₄H₃FN₂O₂
flucytosine C₄H₄FN₃O
acetazolamide C₄H₆N₄O₃S₂
acetylcysteine C₅H₉NO₃S
zoledronic acid C₅H₁₀N₂O₇P₂
methionine C₅H₁₁NO₂S
pencillamine C₅H₁₁NO₂S
acamprosate C₅H₁₁NO₄S
amiloride C₆H₈ClN₇O
providone iodine (C₆H₉NO)nn·xI
elflornithine C6H12F2N2O2
carboplatin C₆H₁₂N₂O₄Pt
hydrochlorothiazide C₇H₈ClN₃O₄S₂
propylthiouracil C₇H₁₀N₂OS
avibactam C₇H₁₁N₃O₆S
ifosfamide C₇H₁₅Cl₂N₂O₂P
cyclophosphamide C7H15Cl2N2O2P
diazoxide C₈H₇ClN₂O₂S
emtricitabine C₈H₁₀FN₃O₃S
lamivudine C₈H₁₁N₃O₃S
6-APA C8H12N2O3S
oxaliplatin C₈H₁₄N₂O₄Pt
azithioprine C₉H₇N₇O₂S
gemcitabine C₉H₁₁F₂N₃O₄
tenofovir disoproxil C₉H₁₄N₅O₄P
silver sulfadiazene C₁₀H₉AgN₄O₂S
sulfadiazine C₁₀H₁₀N₄O₂S
sulfamethoxazole C10H11N3O3S
tazobactam C₁₀H₁₂N₄O₅S
fludarabine C10H12FN5O4
cladribine C10H12ClN5O3
sodiul calcium edetate C10H12CaN2Na2O8
7-ACA C10H12N2O5S
nifurtimox C₁₀H₁₃N₃O₅S
vitamin B7 C₁₀H₁₆N₂O₃S
diatrizoate C₁₁H₉I₃N₂O₄
chloramphenicol C₁₁H₁₂Cl₂N₂O₅
VX C₁₁H₂₆NO₂PS
sodium thiopental C11H17N2NaO2S
furosemide C₁₂H₁₁ClN₂O₅S
dapsone C₁₂H₁₂N₂O₂S
fexinidazole C₁₂H₁₃N₃O₃S
sulfadoxine C₁₂H₁₄N₄O₄S
albendazole C₁₂H₁₅N₃O₂S
melarsoprol C₁₂H₁₅AsN₆OS₂
varbobactam C12H16BNO5S
imipenem C12H17N3O4S
vitamin B1 C₁₂H₁₇N₄OS+
sodium stibogluconate C12H37Na3O27Sb2
niclosamide C₁₃H₈Cl₂N₂O₄
ceftezole C13H12N8O4S3
cefazaflur C13H13F3N6O4S3
cefacetrile C13H13N3O6S
ketamine C13H16ClNO
melphalan C₁₃H₁₈Cl₂N₂O₂
ranitidine C13H22N4O3S
efavirenz C₁₄H₉ClF₃NO₂
triclabendazole C₁₄H₉Cl₃N₂OS
diloxanide C₁₄H₁₁Cl₂NO₄
pretomanid C₁₄H₁₂F₃N₃O₅
cefazolin C₁₄H₁₄N₈O₄S₃
caffeine citrate C14H18N4O9
sumatriptan C₁₄H₂₁N₃O₂S
metoclopramide C₁₄H₂₂ClN₃O₂
suxamethonium C₁₄H₃₀Cl₂N₂O₄
lorazipam C₁₅H₁₀Cl₂N₂O₂
levothyroxine C15H11I4NO4
triiodothyrinine C₁₅H₁₂I₃NO₄
ceflacor C15H14ClN3O4S
cefazedone C18H15Cl2N5O5S3
gliclazide C15H21N3O3S
capecitabine C₁₅H₂₂FN₃O₆
doripenem C15H24N4O6S2
diazepam C₁₆H₁₃ClN₂O
voriconazole C₁₆H₁₄F₃N₅O
cefixime C₁₆H₁₅N₅O₇S₂
cefuroxime C₁₆H₁₆N₄O₈S
clopridogrel C₁₆H₁₆ClNO₂S
cefotaxime C₁₆H₁₇N₅O₇S₂
celafexin C₁₆H₁₇N₃O₄S
cefadroxil C16H17N3O5S
penicillin C₁₆H₁₈N₂O₄S
methylene blue C₁₆H₁₈ClN₃S
benzylpenicillin C₁₆H₁₈N₂O₄S
phenoxymethylpenicillin C₁₆H₁₈N₂O₅S
procaine benzylpenicllin C16H18N2O4S
cefradine C16H19N3O4S
voriconazole C₁₆H₁₄F₃N₅O
cefuroxime C16H16N4O8S
cefalotin C16H16N2O6S2
ampicillin C₁₆H₁₉N₃O₄S
amoxicillin C₁₆H₁₉N₃O₅S
linezolid C₁₆H₂₀FN₃O₄
bendamustine C₁₆H₂₁Cl₂N₃O₂
cilastatin C16H26N2O5S
mefloquine C17H16F6N2O
cefapirin C17H17N3O6S2
fluoxetine C₁₇H₁₈F₃NO
ciprofloxacin C₁₇H₁₈FN₃O₃
omeprazole C₁₇H₁₉N₃O₃S
meropenem C₁₇H₂₅N₃O₅S
sulfasalazine C₁₈H₁₄N₄O₅S
miconazole C₁₈H₁₄Cl₄N₂O
bicalutamide C₁₈H₁₄F₄N₂O₄S
ceftriaxone C₁₈H₁₈N₈O₇S₃
cefatrizine C18H18N6O5S2
cefaloglycin C18H19N3O6S
cefprozil C18H19N3O5S
levofloxacin C₁₈H₂₀FN₃O₄
ofloxacin C18H20FN3O4
clindamycin C18H33ClN2O5
cephaloridine C19H17N3O4S2
cloxacillin C₁₉H₁₈ClN₃O₅S
tiotropium bromide C₁₉H₂₂BrNO₄S₂
bortezomib C₁₉H₂₅BN₄O₄
iohexol C₁₉H₂₆I₃N₃O₉
cefalonium C20H18N4O5S2
dolutegravir C₂₀H₁₉F₂N₃O₅
leucovorin C20H21CaN7O7
raltegravir C₂₀H₂₁FN₆O₅
amodiaquine C₂₀H₂₂ClN₃O
amlodipine C20H25ClN2O5
haloperidol C₂₁H₂₃ClFNO₂
quetiapine C₂₁H₂₅N₃O₂S
moxifloxacin C₂₁H₂₄FN₃O₄
hyoscine butyl bromide C21H30BrNO4
miltefosine C₂₁H₄₆NO₄P
clotrimazole C₂₂H₁₇ClN₂
iotroxic acid C22H18I6N2O9
ceftazidime C₂₂H₂₂N₆O₇S₂
loratidine C₂₂H₂₃ClN₂O₂
losartan C₂₂H₂₃ClN₆O
ertapenem C22H25N3O7S
fluphenazine C₂₂H₂₆F₃N₃OS
dasatinib C₂₂H₂₆ClN₇O₂S
sofobuvir C₂₂H₂₉FN₃O₉P
chlorhexidine C₂₂H₃₀Cl₂N₁₀
sildenafil C22H30N6O4S
aprepitant C₂₃H₂₁F₇N₄O₃
paliperidone C23H27FN4O3
risperidone C₂₃H₂₇FN₄O₂
ceftolozane C23H30N12O8S2
paromomycin C₂₃H₄₇N₅O₁₈S
C24
delamanid C₂₅H₂₅F₃N₄O₆
amiodarone C₂₅H₂₉I₂NO₃
C26
darunavir C₂₇H₃₇N₃O₇S
nilotinib C₂₈H₂₂F₃N₇O
pyronaridine C₂₉H₃₂ClN₅O₂
loperamide C₂₉H₃₃ClN₂O₂
lumafantrine C30H32Cl3NO
cefiderocol C₃₀H₃₄ClN₇O₁₀S₂
triamcinolone hexacitonide C30H41FO7
C31
bedaquiline C32H31BrN2O2
atorvastatin C₃₃H₃₅FN₂O₅
vercuronium bromide C34H57BrN2O4
itraconazole C35H38Cl2N8O4
C36
ritanovir C₃₇H₄₈N₆O₅S₂
lopinavir C₃₇H₄₈N₄O₅
glecaprevir C38H46F4N6O9S
C39 to C42
oxytocin C₄₃H₆₆N₁₂O₁₂S₂
C44
carbetocin C₄₅H₆₉N₁₁O₁₂S
desmopresin C₄₆H₆₄N₁₄O₁₂S₂
C47
benzathine benzylpenicillin C48H56N6O8S2
ledipasvir C₄₉H₅₄F₂N₈O₆
octreotide C49H66N10O10S2
C50
suramin C₅₁H₄₀N₆O₂₃S₆
C52 to C54
bleomycin C55H84N17O21S3
micafungin C₅₆H₇₁N₉O₂₃S
enoxiparin C57H82N4Na4O53S3
colistin C58H105N16Na5O28S5
C59 to C62
vitamin B12 C₆₃H₈₈CoN₁₄O₁₄P
C64
atracurium C₆₅H₈₂N₂O₁₈S₂
vancomycin C₆₆H₇₅Cl₂N₉O₂₄
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