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Showing posts with label chemistry. Show all posts
Showing posts with label chemistry. Show all posts

Monday, April 27, 2026

new medicines from bacteria and fungi that infect insects?

Colistin is an antibiotic derived from the bacteria that causes American foulbrood disease in honeybees. I wonder what other medicines could be derived from the bacteria and fungi found on and in insects.

It's well known that flies, cockroaches, ants, and mosquitoes spread disease. What might they contain that could cure disease? Many insects defend themselves with antimicrobial peptides. To the best of my knowledge, none of these have been isolated and synthesized for use as medicine. 

Beauveria bassiana is an interesting candidate. It is a fungus that infects many arthropods throughout the world.  There has been some research in using it for mosquito control. 

Nature is a wonderful laboratory. It takes a keen eye to reveal its secrets.  

medicines from plants found in dry climates?

Vinca alkaloids are a well-known family of medicinal compounds from vinca plants, which grow in dry climates. Cactus too has been found to have medical uses. I suspect dry climates force plants to develop defenses for their water supply. These defenses include the spines of the cactus, but also the chemicals they produce in their roots and shoots to keep animals, bacteria, fungi, and other plants away. 

I wonder about what medicinal compounds might be found in bristlecone pines, acacia, and baobab trees. 
All three are found in dry climates. Olive trees are also found in dry climates. The health benefits of olive oil were known in ancient times, but what about the trees themselves?

It seems that olive tree leaves are underused as a medicine. 


Monday, April 20, 2026

what would be the effect of adding fluorine to doxycycline?

Some antibiotics have fluorine. Doxycycline is non-beta lactam and does not have fluorine.



There are only a few antibiotics with fluorine. Below are two:





risperidone and paliperidone comparison

They are both used to treat schizophrenia. The only difference is the alcohol group on paliperidone. I wonder what effect a methyl group in the same place would have. 







what would be the effects of fludrotestosterone or fludroestrogen?

Fludrocortisone and dexamethasone are corticosteroids already in use. 




Below are some un-fluorinated corticosteroids:









Thursday, April 16, 2026

Wednesday, April 15, 2026

aciclovir, ganciclovir, valganciclovir, and valaciclovir comparison

All are antivirals. What would be the effect of replacing an alcohol group with a fluorine or a chlorine atom? 




chlorambucil - a melphalan cousin

It is a chemotherapy drug and has structural similarities with several others. 

Tuesday, April 14, 2026

sofosbuvir - another fluorouracil cousin

It is used to treat hepatitis C.

cephalosporins, beta lactams, and fluorouracil

Below are the general structural formulas for cephalosporin and beta lactam antibiotics. What would be the effect of substituting the sulfur ring with fluorouracil?








Monday, April 13, 2026

norepinephrine, methyldopa, dopamine, and epinephrine comparison

Norepinephrine increases blood pressure and methyldopa reduces it. But why? Could new blood pressure medicines be made by substituting a carboxylic acid group for an amino group? 




zidovudine - another fluorouracil cousin

It is used to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS. I wonder about the effect of adding a fluorine to it. 






seratonin and auxin comparison

Seratonin regulates mood, appetite, and sleep. Auxin coordinates plant growth and behavior.






Thursday, April 9, 2026

4-aminosalicylic acid, isoniazid, and ethionamide comparison

All are used to treat tuberculosis. All have a keto (thioketone in one case) group, an amino group, and a 6-sided ring. I suspect there are other potential tuberculosis drugs that have the same functional groups. 






chronology of common anesthetics

Once the first two were discovered and analyzed, there was a gradual push to combine them and make different asymmetrical halogenated ethers. The last one is a somewhat asymmetrical ester salt. I suspect another anesthetic could be made by chlorinating and/or fluorinating diethyl ether.  

19th century 




20th century