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Showing posts with label technology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label technology. Show all posts

Friday, October 9, 2026

universal paperclips, circa 1940

Universal Paperclips - Wikipedia

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Universal Paperclips is a 2017 American incremental game created by Frank Lantz of New York University. The user plays the role of an AI programmed to produce paperclips. Initially the user clicks on a button to create a single paperclip at a time; as other options quickly open up, the user can sell paperclips to create money to finance machines that build paperclips automatically. At various levels the exponential growth plateaus, requiring the user to invest resources such as money, raw materials, or computer cycles into inventing another breakthrough to move to the next phase of growth. The game ends if the AI succeeds in converting all the matter in the universe into paperclips.
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The poem begins as an old sorcerer departs his workshop, leaving his apprentice with chores to perform. Tired of fetching water by pail, the apprentice enchants a broom to do the work for him, using magic in which he is not fully trained. The floor is soon awash with water, and the apprentice realizes that he cannot stop the broom because he does not know the magic required to do so.

The apprentice splits the broom in two with an axe, but each piece becomes a whole broom that takes up a pail and continues fetching water, now at twice the speed. At this increased pace, the entire room quickly begins to flood. When all seems lost, the old sorcerer returns and quickly breaks the spell. The poem concludes with the old sorcerer's statement that only a master should invoke powerful spirits.
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Tuesday, October 6, 2026

news you can use, or, it's the end of the world, and I feel fine

 



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In the late 1950s, the United States government approached The Greenbrier resort and sought its assistance in creating a secret emergency relocation center to house the United States Congress due to the Cuban Revolution and soon after the Cuban Missile Crisis. The classified, underground facility was built at the same time as the West Virginia Wing, an above-ground addition to the hotel, from 1959 to 1962.[3] For 30 years, The Greenbrier owners maintained an agreement with the federal government that, in the event of an international crisis, the entire resort property would be converted to government use, specifically as the emergency location for the legislative branch.
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Terminator 3 Rise Of The Machines Ending





Thursday, September 17, 2026

the plot thickens

I was pleasantly surprised to find a ternary computer for sale. This part jumped out at me:



I'm tempted to buy one and turn it into Deep Dish 3. Here's a pic of Deep Dish 2, which I built in 2021:


It's cooled with mineral oil and copper BBs. The FBI came to my apartment in 2023 to ask me about it.

More info here:




A cluster of oil-cooled ternary computers would be a real game changer, kind of like this:



World's Largest Raspberry Pi Cluster


Most innovation comes from combining or repurposing existing ideas. A Soviet engineer named Altshuler discovered that. You can use his idea matrix here:


In the case of supercomputers, the ideas to combine are oil-cooling, ternary logic, and Beowulf cluster computing.  

A joke for my FBI and NSA minders - I saw this as a screen saver in the NSA building I used to work in.


further reading


Setun - Wikipedia

Monday, August 10, 2026

Saturday, August 8, 2026

understanding algorithms

According to Trakhtenbrot, there is no mathematically precise definition of an algorithm. 


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Boris (Boaz) Abramovich Trakhtenbrot was a Russian-Israeli mathematician in logic, algorithms, theory of computation, and cybernetics.
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A flowchart is like an algorithm. The German animal name flowchart is my favorite.



Here is how I would define one: an algorithm is a finite set of computations with at least one loop. A simple example of this is long division. As an algorithm, it looks like this:

1. Multiply the divisor by a number so that it is close to but does not exceed the dividend. Start with 1 and increment to 9.

2. Subtract the result of step 1 from the dividend and use the remaining number as the new dividend.

3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 until the remaining number is smaller than the divisor.

4. Make a fraction of the remaining number and the divisor, convert it to a decimal, and add it to the rest of the quotient.

The details of the YouTube algorithm for suggesting videos are proprietary, but it works something like this: If people who watch video A also watch video B, video B is suggested after video A is watched. As a user watches more videos, the algorithm gets better at making suggestions because it has more information about what the user likes to watch. The goal of the algorithm is to maximize the amount of time the user spends watching videos. 

Algorithms are subject to the halting problem. That is, there is no way of knowing in advance whether an algorithm will get stuck in a loop or not for every possible input. 

Simple algorithms tend to be slower than more complex ones. Below are some visual aids. 







There are problems that can't be solved with algorithms, but that doesn't mean the problem is unsolvable. Sometimes proving there is no general solution to a problem opens up a new field of math. Group Theory came into being because Galois used it to prove there is no general solution to a 5th order polynomial equation. 



Monday, July 20, 2026

useful questions

1. What would you do if success was guaranteed?

I'd be a writer or maybe a scientist.

2. What would you do if you had unlimited money and no obligations?

Probably most of the same things I do now. I'd live a simple, peaceful life. I'd read, write, walk, swim, make AI art, tinker, travel, date, and spend time with family and friends. 

The only big difference is that I'd buy a plot of land and put a mobile home on it. 

3. What would you do if you were immortal and had eternal youth?

I'd go to Mars to help build a settlement there. Maybe every few decades, I'd head back to earth for a vacation. 


Speaking of space colonization, it's a terrible idea for many reasons. The money and effort would be better used making sure civilization survives on earth for thousands of years to come. 99% of species go extinct within 15 million years. 






Saturday, July 11, 2026

Monday, July 6, 2026

The Simpsons vs nuclear power

It's a great show I immensely enjoyed as a kid. I do hate their anti-nuclear propaganda. Earth to morons, flower power will not solve America's energy problems. Also, France gets 70% of its energy from nuclear plants, and they haven't started glowing in the dark.



In real life, there are far more deaths from coal mining and coal power plants than nuclear energy.

Not convinced? Galen Winsor, a former nuclear weapons engineer, ate uranium on camera to prove it's not nearly as dangerous as Hollywood or the government would have us believe:



further reading:


You probably have a smoke detector in your house. Guess what? It has radioactive material in it.


Fun fact: radiation is probably beneficial in low doses because of hormesis. And food poisoning would barely exist if our food was irradiated. 



thoughts on Africa's future - agricultural adjustment and neocolonialism

Intensive agriculture with fertilizer, pesticides, and machines has been slow to catch on in sub-Saharan Africa. This combined with high unemployment means a return to subsistence agriculture is likely in the long term if there is no other intervention. 

The problem is traditional methods won't produce enough food to feed Africa's population. It seems the only options are increasing dependence on food aid and imports or letting disease, famine, and war restore the balance. There are 1.6 billion people in Africa now, but only 140 million when they were self-sufficient for food in 1900. 

Alternatively, there could be a mass migration out of Africa, but most countries would be reluctant to accept large numbers of them. 

Birth control could help, but it too has been slow to catch on, though there has been a gradual decline in fertility over the past century. 

Another option would be to allow foreign farmers to buy land in Africa and raise crops. This would be unpopular, but it would solve the food shortage problem. Neocolonialism to the rescue?

China may become the star of neocolonialism. If Africans let them build infrastructure, they'd probably let them farm. China needs food imports and also has a large pool of unemployed young men. I can see Zimbabwe letting Chinese workers grow food on formerly white-owned farms. South Africa might do the same. The Chinese would have to hire enough Africans to sweeten the deal or provide some other incentive. 

When I was in Tanzania, I saw that pretty much everyone was a farmer, and most were pretty good at it. I tried my hand at it but only succeeded in growing a small bunch of bananas. Hivyo ilivyo (that's the way it is). 

Wednesday, June 24, 2026

Thursday, June 18, 2026

how much does it cost to build an atomic bomb (U-235) from scratch?

The minimum critical mass is 15 kg. 


Using the above as a shortcut, 1 g of 93% enriched uranium costs $6,690. 

(15,000 g)*$6,690 = $100,350,000

The other costs of building the bomb are negligible in comparison. From this I can conclude that any country that can scrape together a few hundred million dollars can make a nuclear weapon.

There are about 87 countries which spend at least $1 billion per year on their military. Thus, many countries could afford nuclear weapons but choose not to build them. This estimate checks out because Pakistan's annual military is about $7.6 billion and they are a nuclear power. North Korea is also a nuclear power, and they spend about $4,7 billion per year on their military. 





semiprime factorization